Design and Analysis of Wireless-Optical Broadband Access Networks (WOBAN)
【成文时间】：【阅读语言】：eng
【页数】： 133
【作者】： SUMAN SARKAR
【文件格式】： pdf
【资料原名】：Design and Analysis of Wireless-Optical Broadband Access Networks (WOBAN)
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【摘要目录】：
Abstract
The growing customer demands for bandwidth-intensive services are accelerating
the need to design an efficient “last mile” access network in a cost-effective manner. Traditional
“Quad-play” applications (which refer to a bundle of services with voice, video,
Internet, and wireless) and premium rich-media applications (e.g., multimedia, interactive
gaming, and metaverse) need to be delivered over the access network to the end users in
a satisfactory and economical way. Thus, besides its enormous transport capacity, today’s
access infrastructure should bring operational efficiencies, namely mobility and untethered
convenience to end users. Hence, this dissertation proposes and investigates a novel hybrid
network paradigm – wireless-optical broadband access network (WOBAN) – a combination
technology of high-capacity optical access and untethered wireless access.
This dissertation begins in Chapter 1 with an introduction to traditional broadband
access networks – both optical and wireless networks, and compiles the research contributions
and organization. Chapter 2 defines WOBAN, develops its architecture, and
provides a comprehensive outline of its research aspects, coupled with various design models,
and pros and cons of efficient protocols to manage the network. It also argues why the
combination of optical and wireless technologies should provide an improved solution for
future network design, and touches upon its current business drivers.
Since both optical and wireless networks – two very diverse technologies – exist
in a WOBAN, a trade-off is needed while designing the network. This means neither the
optical nor the wireless part should be over- or under-provisioned to develop a cost-effective
solution. Thus, Chapter 3 and Chapter 4 present design aspects ofWOBAN in detail. While
Chapter 3 focuses on heuristics – greedy algorithm and simulated annealing – to plan the
network, Chapter 4 explores the constraint programming model, coupled with Lagrangean
Relaxation, to achieve an optimal design solution.
Once the network is deployed, efficient protocols need to be devised by exploring
and exploiting WOBAN’s novel aspects. Consequently, Chapter 5 examines the novelty of
WOBAN’s connectivity and develops a “Delay-Aware Routing Algorithm”, called DARA.
Unlike standard optical access networks, WOBAN poses a new challenge for streaming
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media applications due to its higher delay budget. Thus, DARA is an effort to minimize
WOBAN’s delay budget to deliver premium applications on-time.
WOBAN, due to its hierarchical network architecture, can be subjected to multiple
failure scenarios. Thus, minimizing the failures and restoring the network quickly, in case
of failure, are important aspects to consider. Consequently, Chapter 6 develops a “Riskand-
Delay Aware Routing Algorithm” (an extension to DARA), called RADAR, to exploit
the fault-tolerance behavior of WOBAN.
Therefore, this dissertation creates new knowledge by introducing a novel network
architecture for future access networks and makes important contributions by investigating
design algorithms, network protocols, and business drivers behind the need for this
converged network model, that is WOBAN.
Contents
List of Figures xi
List of Tables xiii
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Recent Trends in Optical Access Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Recent Trends in Wireless Access Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.3 Radio-on-Fiber – A Precursor of WOBAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.4 Wireless-Optical Broadband Access Networks (WOBAN) . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.5 Research Contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.5.1 WOBAN Architecture and Research Challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.5.2 Network Planning and Setup for WOBAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.5.3 Constraint Programming Model for WOBAN Deployment . . . . . . 9
1.5.4 WOBAN Connectivity and Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.5.5 WOBAN Fault Tolerance and Restoration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.6 Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2 WOBAN Architecture and Research Challenges 12
2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.1.1 Hybrid Wireless-Optical Broadband Access Network Architecture . . 13
2.1.2 Why is WOBAN a Compelling Solution? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.2 WOBAN’s Early Incarnations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.3 Network Setup: A Review of Placement Algorithms in WOBAN . . . . . . 19
2.3.1 Random and Deterministic Approaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.3.2 Greedy Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.3.3 Combinatorial Optimization: Simulated Annealing Approach . . . . 20
2.3.4 Joint Optimization: Constraint Programming Approach . . . . . . . 20
2.4 Network Connectivity: A Review of Routing Algorithms in WOBAN . . . . 23
2.4.1 Minimum-Hop and Shortest-Path Routing Algorithms (MHRA and
SPRA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.4.2 Predictive Throughput Routing Algorithm (PTRA) . . . . . . . . . 24
2.4.3 Delay-Aware Routing Algorithm (DARA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.5 Fault Tolerance: Risk Awareness in WOBAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.5.1 Risk-and-Delay Aware Routing Algorithm (RADAR) . . . . . . . . . 27
2.6 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
–viii–
3 Network Planning and Setup for WOBAN 29
3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3.1.1 Related Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3.2 Placement of Multiple ONUs in WOBAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
3.2.1 Cost Metric for ONU Deployment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
3.2.2 Greedy Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
3.2.3 Notations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3.2.4 Running Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3.2.5 Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.3 Illustrative Numerical Examples: Greedy Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
3.3.1 Survey on Wireless Users in Wildhorse, Davis, California . . . . . . 39
3.4 Global Optimization of Placements of Multiple ONUs in WOBAN . . . . . 43
3.4.1 Simulated Annealing (SA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
3.4.2 Applying SA to Multiple-ONU Placement Problem of WOBAN . . . 44
3.4.3 Illustrative Numerical Examples: Greedy vs. SA . . . . . . . . . . . 46
3.5 Cost Comparison of WOBAN and PON Setup in Wildhorse . . . . . . . . . 49
3.6 Joint Optimization of WOBAN: Combined Heuristic (CH) . . . . . . . . . . 52
3.6.1 Illustrative Numerical Examples: CH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
3.7 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
4 Constraint Programming Model for WOBAN Deployment 57
4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
4.2 Design Criteria for WOBAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
4.3 Mathematical Formulation for Optimal Placement of BSs and ONUs . . . . 60
4.3.1 Lagrangean Relaxation and Lower Bound of Primal Model (PM) . . 65
4.3.2 Primal Algorithm and Upper Bound of Primal Model . . . . . . . . 70
4.3.3 Computing Upper Bound (UB) and Lower Bound (LB) of Primal Model 71
4.4 Performance Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
4.4.1 PM vs. CH: Impact of Carrier-to-Interference (CI) Threshold, I . . 76
4.4.2 PM vs. CH: Impact of Wireless Channel Pool, F . . . . . . . . . . . 78
4.4.3 PM vs. CH: Impact of User Coverage Ratio, . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
4.4.4 PM vs. CH: Impact of Non-Homogeneous Demography . . . . . . . 80
4.5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
5 WOBAN Connectivity and Routing 82
5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
5.1.1 San Francisco WOBAN: A Community Wireless Mesh . . . . . . . . 84
5.2 Current Routing Approaches and Opportunities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
5.2.1 Current Routing Approaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
5.2.2 Other Research Efforts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
5.3 Delay-Aware Routing Algorithm (DARA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
5.3.1 Achieving Load Balancing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
5.3.2 Analysis of Link-State Predictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
5.3.3 Analysis of Throughput . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
5.4 Performance Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
5.5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
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6 WOBAN Fault Tolerance and Restoration 102
6.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
6.2 Risk-and-Delay Aware Routing Algorithm (RADAR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
6.3 Analysis of RADAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
6.3.1 Risk Awareness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
6.3.2 Self Healing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
6.3.3 Delay Awareness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
6.4 Performance Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
6.5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
7 Conclusion 111
7.1 WOBAN Architecture and Research Challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
7.2 Network Planning and Setup for WOBAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
7.3 Constraint Programming Model for WOBAN Deployment . . . . . . . . . . 112
7.4 WOBAN Connectivity and Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
7.5 WOBAN Fault Tolerance and Restoration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Bibliography 115
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